When working in and around trenches, the most common potential hazards include cave-ins, hazardous atmospheres, falling objects or debris, and struck-by or caught-between scenarios.
Remember to use the following safe practices when working in or around trenches:
- Maintain a safe way to enter and exit – Trenches 4 feet or deeper must be equipped with ladders, ramps, or stairways every 25 feet to
allow for proper egress in emergencies. - Protect from cave-ins – Trenches 5 feet or deeper must have a protective system such as sloping, shoring, or trench boxes. Trenches less than 5 feet deep may require protective systems if the competent person deems that unstable conditions are present or personnel working in the trench have their head/shoulders lower than the trench top edge.
- Keep equipment and materials at least 2 feet away from the edge – Tools and materials near the edge of a trench pose a risk of falling on workers. Placing heavy spoils and machinery near trench edges may increase the risk of collapse.
- Check for standing water and other hazards – Water must be removed promptly from trenches, and atmospheric monitoring might be needed to check for appropriate oxygen levels and detect flammable and/or toxic gases or vapors before workers enter.
- Never enter before a proper inspection – A competent person must inspect the trench daily and whenever conditions change to determine if workers can safely enter.
- Barricade open trenches – Protect personnel from falling into open trenches with effective barricades, signs, and flagging.
Eliminating hazards is the best way to prevent injuries because even a small amount of soil can weigh enough to severely injure or kill a person. Whenever possible, avoid working in trenches by utilizing equipment or mechanical aids.