While ladders are common tools, they cause a significant number of injuries and even fatalities each year. Falls from ladders, which are completely preventable, are among the leading causes of deaths on construction sites.
Use the following guidelines to reduce the risk of ladder-related accidents:
- Selection: Select the correct type of ladder for the task. The ladder should be long (or high) enough to stand only on rungs (steps) that are designated for that purpose. Your body weight, tools, and materials should not exceed the maximum weight rating. Use a non-conductive ladder—like fiberglass, rather than aluminum when working near electricity.
- Inspection: At work, ensure the ladder inspection is current. At work and home, inspect the ladder for damage, looking for broken, split, cracked, or corroded rungs and side rails. Check for loose rivets, defective braces, or parts that are in poor condition. If a ladder is damaged, remove it from service immediately. Never try to repair a damaged ladder.
- Set up: Place the ladder on a firm, level, non-slippery surface. For every four feet of height, the base of straight or extension ladders should be one foot away from the structure it is leaned against. Secure straight or extension ladders at the top and bottom to prevent slipping. If you can’t secure it, have another person hold the base for added stability. Ensure stepladders are fully open with spreaders and locking braces engaged.
- Safe use: Face the ladder rungs and maintain three points of contact (two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand) when climbing up or down. Avoid overreaching and keep your body centered between the ladder side rails. Never carry items in your hands while climbing—use a tool belt or hoist system. Look for overhead hazards and stay at least 10 feet away from electrical lines.